Agriculture
Agricultural Products Resources
In olden days people completely based on agriculture for food resources like rice, barley and other leafy vegetables. Later on many technologies arrived in agriculture which made faster and impressed irrigation. Technologies gradually improved in making better and risk less irrigation. Many scientists developed many new methods of irrigation like cross planting and hybridization and tissue culture. All these techniques made a revolution in the Agriculture. Machinery also used to reduce the burden of people practicing Agriculture.
Farm equipment like tractors, planters, seeders and tillers brought a revolution the case of Agriculture. People who practice Agriculture are known as Farmers. Many pesticides and fertilizers are introduced to decrease the weed content and from insects which damage the crops. Many new ways of farming is practiced by the farmers which helped a lot for more productions in less time. There are many forms of agriculture which are being practiced now days. Tractors are very much useful in irrigation; they are used to bear high risks at slow speeds. Mowers are a type of tractors which are used to level the grass. They can be moved easily by a human, it contains a handle so that we can move it easily. It will have blades arranged down to it, so that it can cut the grass easily. Furthermore, along with crops in the fields there grows another plants called weeds which are not useful to us, they will absorb the nutrients and water from crops. To remove weeds weed eaters are developed in order to remove the weeds from the crops. Weed eaters also play an important role in better farming.
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Indian Economy, Two Factors Agriculture And Industry
Indian economy is dependent mainly on agriculture to flourish. The first five year plan was all about agriculture, the green revolution. In order to make Indian economy independent from the very basic level, government has put more emphasis on agriculture. However, in Indian economy, two factors, agriculture and industry, seem to have a conflict with each other. Excessive inclination to agriculture is one of the many features of an underdeveloped country. To understand the reason behind such a proposition one doesn’t need to be a scholar in Economics. Let’s imagine that after graduating some student can choose his career either in agriculture or in software. In order to make the model simplistic we will ignore all other choices that a student might have in real world. Also we will assume that the student is only concerned about the financial prospect. Which one between software and agriculture will he choose? In order to make the decision we have to undertake some comparative study here. We assume that if you choose a career in computing you may write software to earn per day. With this amount you can buy nearly 50 breads per day. Now as a farmer he can produce 10 breads a day, which means, his earning reduces to .6. The same thing happens to a country with excessive dependence on agriculture. Read the rest of this entry »
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Agricultural Finance in India
Rural development means nothing but the transformation of the subsistence agricultural production to a market oriented agricultural economy. Availability and access to financial resources is one of the key elements to this transition. Financial resource is a very important, if not the most important, factor in economic development.
Shortage of finance is one of the major problems facing small farmers. Farmers need financial resource to buy improved agricultural inputs and farm implements so that they can increase their output and income level and break the cycle of poverty. Farmer’s investment in these technologies cannot be real without having in place organizations and systems that are capable of adequately providing rural financial services to farmers. So, the effort to develop agriculture could suffer in the absence of a strong financial base that aims at expanding access to credit for small farmers.
Agriculture is unorganized profession. Its success and failure depends on climatic factors. It is also not possible to distinguish productive and unproductive loans required for farmers. Therefore banks do not show much interest in advancing loans to agriculture. Therefore famers have to depend on moneylenders, mahajans etc. who exploits them due to strong grip on socio-economic position in rural areas.
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Achievement Of Agricultural Credit Flow
For long period of time the share of commercial banks in rural credit was meagre. For instance it was only 0.9 % in 1951-52 and 0.7 % in 1961-62. The insignificant participation is partly explained by subsistence nature of agriculture and its unorganized, Individualistic functioning. Moreover heavy dependence on monsoon makes it risky and uncertain venture. As against this Industrial sector is organized and less dependent on natural factors. Therefore commercial banks tended to concentrate on industrial sector and diverted funds mobilized from rural areas to meet demand of credit of the industrial sector.
To remedy these 14 major banks were nationalized followed by 6 more banks. After this banks opened large no. of branches in rural area and have increased their advances to these areas. Read the rest of this entry »
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Agriculture and Economic Impact of American and European Relations
When European settlers arrived in America, they faced several new concerns. Unaccustomed to the difficult land and the more varied climate of the New World, it was difficult for the Europeans to create flourishing settlements. However, a group of natives already in America did know how to effectively utilise the land and lived quite successfully from it. The Native Americans had rich artefacts to exchange with Europe and, likewise, the Europeans would greatly influence Native American cultures. From the time of contact and beyond, the Europeans and the natives experienced dramatic changes, specifically in agriculture and economics.
Initially, European colonists had a very difficult time cultivating a strange new land. Colonists, such as those in Jamestown, could not or would not farm and thus resorted to “continually demanding corn from the [Native Americans]…” (Morgan, 74). The settlers relied heavily on Native American assistance and until they learned to farm the land, it was the Native Americans who supplied the colonists with food. The natives also influenced farming methods that enabled the colonists’ development. European farming techniques required intense labour from “five in the morning to seven or eight at night from mid-March through mid-September…” (Morgan, 62) whereas the Native Americans’ method required far less work, rendering it far more efficient.
While the Europeans did not adopt all of the Native Americans’ farming techniques, they did incorporate certain key aspects. The colonists quickly learned that corn was a steady food source and began to plant it as a main crop. In Virginia, an “abundance of corn and…fish…” (Morgan, 102) saved the settlers from starving. Native American crops, such as corn, fish, and tobacco, ceased starvation in Jamestown. European settlers also learned to burn the “forest undergrowth much as the [Native Americans] had…done…” (Morgan, 144) to create grazing lands for their cattle, placing a European spin on a Native American technique. Once European settlers learned how to cultivate the New World based on Native American practises, colonial settlements boomed into colonial towns.
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Agricultural Fields
Agricultural-Fields
Agriculture provides the principal means of livelihood for over 58.4% of India’s population. It contributes approximately one-fifth of total gross domestic product (GDP). An all time record in production of food grains of 233.88 million tonnes is estimated in 2008-09 as per 4th Advance Estimates. This is about 13.10 million tones more than last year’s production of food grain. The Union Government has constituted a National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) on 03-11-2006 to give focused attention to the problem of the rainfed areas of the country. Dynamic and popular agriculture programs in the United States generally exist where the agriculture industry is active, such as in California, Texas, Iowa, Indiana, Nebraska, and Michigan.
Types of Agriculture :
1) Shifting Cultivation
2) Intensive Pastoral Farming
3) Subsistence Cultivation
4) Commercial Cultivation
5) Mixed crop Cultivation
